Nuclear Energy

What type of nuclei is (preferably) needed for slowing down fast neutrons?

If power of nuclear reactor is$100 watt$ then rate of nuclear fission is :-

A common example of alpha decay is

${{}^{238}}_{92}\mathrm{U}{{\to }^{234}}_{90}\mathrm{Th}{+}_2{\mathrm{He}}^4+Q$

Given:

${{}^{238}}_{92}\mathrm{U}=238.05060 \mathrm{u}$

${{}^{234}}_{90}\mathrm{Th}=234.04360 \mathrm{u}$

${{}^4}_2\mathrm{He}=4.00260 \mathrm{u}$ and $1\mathrm{u}=931.5\frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{c^2}$

The energy released $\left(Q\right)$ during the alpha decay of ${{}^{238}}_{92}\mathrm{U}$ is _____ $\mathrm{MeV}$.

${}_{92}{}^{238} \mathrm{A}\to {}_{90}{}^{234} \mathrm{B}+{}_2{}^4\mathrm{D}+\mathrm{Q}$

In the given nuclear reaction, the approximate amount of energy released will be:

[Given, mass of ${}_{92}{}^{238} \mathrm{A}=238.05079\times 931.5 \mathrm{MeV} {\mathrm{c}}^{-2}$, mass of  ${}_{90}{}^{234}B=234.04363\times 931.5 \mathrm{MeV} {\mathrm{c}}^{-2}$, mass of ${}_2{}^4\mathrm{D}=4.00260\times 931.5\mathrm{Me}V {\mathrm{c}}^{-2}$ ]

If a nucleus is divided in ratio of $1:2^{\raisebox{1ex}{$1$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$3$}\right.}$, then find the ratio of velocity of the parts

An atom of atomic mass $242$, having binding energy per nucleon $8.4 \mathrm{MeV}$, breaks into two atoms of atomic mass $121$ each (with binding energy per nucleon $7.1 \mathrm{MeV}$). Find the absolute $Q$ value of the reaction.

Why are moderators more effective in slowing the fast moving neutrons instead of abundant ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ atoms found in the naturally occurring $\mathrm{U}$ sample?

Multiplication factor or reproduction factor $K$ for a nuclear reactor is defined as number of fission reactions produced by a given generation of neutrons to the number of fission reactions in the preceding generation. What should be the value of $K$ for the following purposes?

i. To keep the nuclear fission reaction self-sustaining.

ii. To switch off the nuclear reactor.

Draw a schematic labelled diagram of a nuclear reactor based on thermal neutron fission. What is a moderator? Give two examples of moderator. Write a few lines on controlled thermonuclear fission.

In a nuclear reactor, the ratio of number of fission produced by a given generation of neutrons to the number of fission of the preceding generation is known as

The minimum kinetic energy needed by an alpha particle to cause the nuclear reaction ${}_7{}^{16}\mathrm{N}+{}_2{}^4\mathrm{He}\to {}_1{}^1\mathrm{H}+{}_8{}^{19}\mathrm{O}$ in a laboratory frame is $n$ (in $\mathrm{MeV}$). Assume that ${}_7{}^{16}\mathrm{N}$ is at rest in the laboratory frame. The masses of ${}_7{}^{16}\mathrm{N}, {}_2{}^4\mathrm{He}, {}_1{}^1\mathrm{H}$ and ${}_8{}^{19}\mathrm{O}$ can be taken to be $16.006 \mathrm{u}, 4.003 \mathrm{u}$, $1.008 \mathrm{u}$ and $19.003 \mathrm{u}$, respectively, where $1 \mathrm{u}=930 \mathrm{MeV} {\mathrm{c}}^{-2}$. The value of $n$ is

If the numerical value has more than two decimal places, truncate/round-off the value to TWO decimal places.

In the process of nuclear fission of $1\mathrm{g}$ uranium, the mass lost is $0.92\mathrm{mg}$. The efficiency of power house run by the fission reactor is $10\%$.To obtain $400$ megawatt power from the power house, how much uranium will be required per hour? $\left(c=3\times {10}^8{ \mathrm{ms}}^{-1}\right)$.

How many neutrons will produced for a given following nuclear fission reaction?

${}_0{}^1\mathrm{n}+{}_{92}{}^{235}\mathrm{U}\to {}_{92}{}^{236}\mathrm{U}\to {}_{56}{}^{144}\mathrm{Ba}+{}_{36}{}^{89}\mathrm{Kr}+\left(?\right){}_0{}^1\mathrm{n}$

Explain the principle and working of a nuclear reactor with the help of a labelled diagram. A nuclear power reactor generates electric power of $100\mathrm{MW}$. How many numbers of fission occur per second if the nuclear fuel used is the reactor is uranemium.

A nuclear reactor delivers a power of ${10}^9 \mathrm{W}$. What is the amount of fuel consumed by the reactor in one hour ?

The fission reaction taking place in a reactor utilizing uranium element is ${}_{92}{}^{235}U+{}_0{}^{1}n\to {}_{56}{}^{141}Ba+{}_{36}{}^{92}Kr+3{}_0{}^{1}n$. Nuclear energy is being produced at a rate of $3.2\times {10}^4 \mathrm{kW}$ in the reactor. The mass of ${}^{235}\mathrm{U}$ utilized in $25$ days of operation of the reactor is about
(Note that $m_U=235.0439\mathrm{u},m_{\mathrm{n}}=1.0087\mathrm{u}$, $m_{\mathrm{Ba}}=140.9139\mathrm{u}$ and $m_{\mathrm{Kr}}=91.8973\mathrm{u}$  and $1\mathrm{u}=\left(\frac{931.5}{c^2}\right)\mathrm{MeV}$)

Complete the given Nuclear fusion reaction by finding $x$ in it:

${}_1{}^2\mathrm{H}+{}_1{}^2\mathrm{H}\to {}_2{}^3\mathrm{He}+x+3.2 \mathrm{MeV}$

One possible method for revealing the presence of concealed nuclear weapons is to detect the neutrons emitted in the spontaneous fission of ${}^{240}Pu$ in the warhead. In an actual trial, a neutron detector of radius $1.0 \mathrm{m}$ carried on a helicopter measured a neutron flux of $50{ \mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ at a distance of $100 \mathrm{m}$ from a missile warhead. Estimate the mass of ${}^{240}Pu$ (in $\mathrm{kg}$ approximately) in the warhead. The mean life for spontaneous fission in ${}^{240}Pu$ is $6\times {10}^{18}\sec$, and $2.5$ neutrons on the average are emitted in each fission (Avogadro's number $=6\times {10}^{23}$) (Round the answer to nearest integer)

What are the disadvantages of nuclear reactor?